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زیست شناسی::
واکسن سرطان
Abstract Several clinical trials suggested that one promising immunotherapeutic approach is cancer vaccines, containing novel adjuvants capable of stimulating innate immunity to result in breakage of immunotolerance in the tumor micro- environment and development of potent antitumor immune responses.
Moreover, recent efforts to improve the efficacy of TLR9 agonist as adjuvants by coupling with delivery mole- cules and nanoparticle and/or by mixing with other innate immune stimuli such as STING agonists revealed novel cancer vaccine adjuvants with high efficacy.
Among the cancer immunotherapy approaches, including cell-based therapies, antibody therapies, and cytokine therapies, cancer vaccines have attracted great attention, especially after US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first therapeutic cancer vaccine Provenge, which was designed by using the dendritic cells from the self- peripheral blood to fight against the cancerous cells in prostate cancer patients, in 2010 [2].
Despite the promising results using the cancer vaccine Provenge, according to the results from large-scale clinical trials using cancer peptide vac- cines, such as the Rosenberg et al.'s cancer vaccine trials, effectiveness rates were as low as 2.6 %, due to the lack of potent adjuvants or improper selection of the antigens [3].
Thus, one key component of the cancer vaccines for establishing cancer immunotherapy as an efficient treatment is a potent adjuvant, which is strong enough to overcome the immunosuppression provided by the tumor micro- environment.
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